Ubuntu in a VM: Ansible
Stand: July 15, 2026
This guide describes an Ubuntu VM as a reproducible Ansible lab environment. A VM is the preferred environment for realistic managed-node exercises.
1. Purpose
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Purpose
A complete treatment of Purpose contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Purpose
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Purpose
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Purpose is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Purpose
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Purpose is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Purpose
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Purpose
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Purpose
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Purpose
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Purpose is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
2. Fit
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Fit
A complete treatment of Fit contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Fit
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Fit
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Fit is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Fit
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Fit is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Fit
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Fit
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Fit
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Fit
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Fit is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
3. Resources
Resources is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
4. Network
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Network
A complete treatment of Network contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Network
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Network
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Network is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Network
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Network is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Network
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Network
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Network
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Network
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Network is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
5. Installation
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Installation
A complete treatment of Installation contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Installation
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Installation
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Installation is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Installation
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Installation is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Installation
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Installation
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Installation
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Installation
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Installation is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
6. SSH Access
Deep Dive and Submission Example for SSH Access
A complete treatment of SSH Access contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for SSH Access
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for SSH Access
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, SSH Access is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of SSH Access
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, SSH Access is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for SSH Access
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for SSH Access
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for SSH Access
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for SSH Access
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
SSH Access is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
7. Snapshots
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Snapshots
A complete treatment of Snapshots contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Snapshots
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Snapshots
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Snapshots is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Snapshots
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Snapshots is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Snapshots
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Snapshots
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Snapshots
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Snapshots
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Snapshots is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
8. Clone Repository
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Clone Repository
A complete treatment of Clone Repository contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Clone Repository
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Clone Repository
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Clone Repository is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Clone Repository
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Clone Repository is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Clone Repository
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Clone Repository
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Clone Repository
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Clone Repository
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Clone Repository is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
9. Provisioning
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Provisioning
A complete treatment of Provisioning contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Provisioning
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Provisioning
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Provisioning is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Provisioning
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Provisioning is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Provisioning
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Provisioning
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Provisioning
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Provisioning
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Provisioning is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
10. Validation
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Validation
A complete treatment of Validation contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Validation
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Validation
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Validation is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Validation
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Validation is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Validation
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Validation
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Validation
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Validation
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Validation is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
11. Multiple VMs
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Multiple VMs
A complete treatment of Multiple VMs contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Multiple VMs
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Multiple VMs
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Multiple VMs is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Multiple VMs
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Multiple VMs is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Multiple VMs
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Multiple VMs
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Multiple VMs
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Multiple VMs
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Multiple VMs is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
12. Security Rules
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Security Rules
A complete treatment of Security Rules contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Security Rules
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Security Rules
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Security Rules is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Security Rules
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Security Rules is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Security Rules
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Security Rules
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Security Rules
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Security Rules
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Security Rules is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
13. Cleanup
Deep Dive and Submission Example for Cleanup
A complete treatment of Cleanup contains both a technical artifact and a short domain explanation. The artifact can be an inventory, a playbook, a role, a template, a Vault file with dummy values, a CI configuration, or an evidence file. The explanation states why this path was chosen and which alternative was deliberately not used.
| Submission Part | Content | Minimum Quality |
|---|---|---|
| target description | what should be true after the run | measurable and without hidden assumptions |
| scope evidence | which hosts are affected | output from --list-hosts or inventory graph |
| implementation | which files were changed | small reviewable YAML files |
| validation | how it was checked | syntax check, check mode, diff, real run, second run |
| risk decision | what can go wrong | privileges, secrets, external dependencies, and rollback considered |
Minimal Artifacts for Cleanup
submission/
inventory/hosts.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
cleanup.md
For roles or collections, the structure expands:
submission/
ansible.cfg
collections/requirements.yml
inventory/hosts.yml
roles/<role>/defaults/main.yml
roles/<role>/tasks/main.yml
roles/<role>/handlers/main.yml
playbooks/site.yml
evidence.md
Grading Expectation for Cleanup
A reviewable solution must be understandable to people who did not run it themselves. Screenshots or uncommented terminal output are not enough. Good evidence states context, command, relevant output, and assessment. If a module behaves differently in check mode, that limitation is explicitly documented.
Transfer to Real Teams
In a team context, Cleanup is connected to code review, branch rules, CI, role ownership, release notes, and operational approval. Production-like usage also documents ownership, maintenance window, monitoring, alerting, and rollback criteria.
Practical Relevance of Cleanup
This section is not just a definition. In the workshop, Cleanup is always validated through a concrete flow: inspect inventory, prove target hosts, check the playbook, simulate the change, run the change, evaluate a second run, and document cleanup. This shows whether Ansible really models desired state or merely executes a command successfully once.
| Review Question | Expected Answer |
|---|---|
| Which hosts are affected? | Pattern, group, --limit, and inventory output are documented. |
| Which data sources apply? | group_vars, host_vars, defaults, extra vars, and facts are known. |
| Which privileges are required? | become is close to the task and justified. |
| How is success proven? | Syntax check, check mode, diff, play recap, and second run are present. |
Example Flow for Cleanup
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --list-hosts
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml
The flow is intentionally complete. In real teams, some steps are automated but not skipped. CI can run syntax checks and linting; the domain review of scope, privileges, secret flows, and rollout risk remains a human engineering task.
Review Criteria for Cleanup
- Inventory and patterns are narrower than
allunless a reason is documented. - Modules from
ansible.builtinor reviewed collections are preferred. - Shell or command tasks include
changed_when,failed_when, or a clear reason. - Variables are placed predictably and do not override each other surprisingly.
- Secrets do not appear in plaintext, diffs, debug tasks, or CI logs.
- The playbook can run repeatedly without unnecessary changes.
- Cleanup, fix-forward, or controlled acceptance of the target state is documented.
Common Failure Modes for Cleanup
| Failure | Cause | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|
| wrong hosts targeted | pattern or inventory misunderstood | --list-hosts, ansible-inventory --host |
unreachable |
SSH, user, Python, or network issue | -vvvv, SSH test, inventory variables |
| unexpected change | module not idempotent or wrong data source | second run, diff, variable inspection |
| secret leak | debug, diff, or log not scoped | check no_log, Vault, CI artifacts |
| handler does not run | no changed result or wrong handler name |
inspect task result and handler name |
Operations Note for Cleanup
For production-like usage, the lab must become a runbook. The runbook states target systems, owners, prerequisites, stop criteria, expected duration, validation, monitoring, and cleanup. Without those details, a playbook is executable but not operationally mature.
Cleanup is a practical building block of the Ansible workshop. The desired state must be described, executed against a controlled scope, and validated before and after the run. A solid Ansible workflow answers four questions: which hosts are targeted, which change is performed, which privileges are required, and how success is measured.
| Aspect | Workshop Meaning | Check |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Inventory, pattern, --limit, tags, and environment select target systems. |
ansible-inventory --graph, ansible-playbook --list-hosts |
| State | Modules should model desired state and produce repeatable results. | second run without unnecessary changes |
| Privilege | become is used close to the task and justified. |
no broad global privilege without review |
| Evidence | Output, diffs, and summaries are documented. | play recap, diff, evidence file |
Typical commands:
ansible --version
ansible-config dump --only-changed
ansible-inventory -i inventory/hosts.yml --graph
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --syntax-check
ansible-playbook -i inventory/hosts.yml playbooks/site.yml --check --diff
For reviews, a playbook is ready only when it proves its target scope, exposes its data sources, protects sensitive values, describes failure paths, and remains stable after a second run. If a module does not fully support check mode or diff mode, that limitation belongs in the runbook.
Common mistakes are broad patterns such as all, unclear variable sources, shell workarounds without idempotence, secrets in debug output, missing rollback notes, and missing separation between lab and production inventory.
Sources and Further References
- Official Ansible Community Documentation: https://docs.ansible.com/
- Ansible Getting Started: https://docs.ansible.com/projects/ansible/latest/getting_started/index.html
- Inventory Guide: https://docs.ansible.com/projects/ansible/latest/inventory_guide/index.html
- Playbook Guide: https://docs.ansible.com/projects/ansible/latest/playbook_guide/index.html
- Module Index: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/collections/ansible/builtin/index.html
- Vault Guide: https://docs.ansible.com/projects/ansible/latest/vault_guide/index.html
- Ansible Lint: https://ansible.readthedocs.io/projects/lint/
- Molecule: https://ansible.readthedocs.io/projects/molecule/
- AWX: https://github.com/ansible/awx
- Red Hat Certifications: https://www.redhat.com/en/services/certifications